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atan2#

ivy.atan2(x1, x2, /, *, out=None)[source]#

Calculate an implementation-dependent approximation of the inverse tangent of the quotient x1/x2, having domain [-infinity, +infinity] x. [-infinity, +infinity] (where the x notation denotes the set of ordered pairs of elements (x1_i, x2_i)) and codomain [-π, +π], for each pair of elements (x1_i, x2_i) of the input arrays x1 and x2, respectively. Each element-wise result is expressed in radians. The mathematical signs of x1_i and x2_i determine the quadrant of each element-wise result. The quadrant (i.e., branch) is chosen such that each element-wise result is the signed angle in radians between the ray ending at the origin and passing through the point (1,0) and the ray ending at the origin and passing through the point (x2_i, x1_i).

Special cases

For floating-point operands,

  • If either x1_i or x2_i is NaN, the result is NaN.

  • If x1_i is greater than 0 and x2_i is +0, the result is an approximation to +π/2.

  • If x1_i is greater than 0 and x2_i is -0, the result is an approximation to +π/2.

  • If x1_i is +0 and x2_i is greater than 0, the result is +0.

  • If x1_i is +0 and x2_i is +0, the result is +0.

  • If x1_i is +0 and x2_i is -0, the result is an approximation to +π.

  • If x1_i is +0 and x2_i is less than 0, the result is an approximation to +π.

  • If x1_i is -0 and x2_i is greater than 0, the result is -0.

  • If x1_i is -0 and x2_i is +0, the result is -0.

  • If x1_i is -0 and x2_i is -0, the result is an approximation to -π.

  • If x1_i is -0 and x2_i is less than 0, the result is an approximation to -π.

  • If x1_i is less than 0 and x2_i is +0, the result is an approximation to -π/2.

  • If x1_i is less than 0 and x2_i is -0, the result is an approximation to -π/2.

  • If x1_i is greater than 0, x1_i is a finite number, and x2_i is +infinity, the result is +0.

  • If x1_i is greater than 0, x1_i is a finite number, and x2_i is -infinity, the result is an approximation to +π.

  • If x1_i is less than 0, x1_i is a finite number, and x2_i is +infinity, the result is -0.

  • If x1_i is less than 0, x1_i is a finite number, and x2_i is -infinity, the result is an approximation to -π.

  • If x1_i is +infinity and x2_i is finite, the result is an approximation to +π/2.

  • If x1_i is -infinity and x2_i is finite, the result is an approximation to -π/2.

  • If x1_i is +infinity and x2_i is +infinity, the result is an approximation to +π/4.

  • If x1_i is +infinity and x2_i is -infinity, the result is an approximation to +3π/4.

  • If x1_i is -infinity and x2_i is +infinity, the result is an approximation to -π/4.

  • If x1_i is -infinity and x2_i is -infinity, the result is an approximation to -3π/4.

Parameters:

  • x1 (Union[Array, NativeArray]) – input array corresponding to the y-coordinates. Should have a floating-point data type.

  • x2 (Union[Array, NativeArray]) – input array corresponding to the x-coordinates. Must be compatible with x1. Should have a floating-point data type.

  • out (Optional[Array], default: None) – optional output array, for writing the result to. It must have a shape that the inputs broadcast to.

Return type:

Array

Returns:

ret – an array containing the inverse tangent of the quotient x1/x2. The returned array must have a floating-point data type.

This method conforms to the Array API Standard. This docstring is an extension of the docstring in the standard.

Both the description and the type hints above assumes an array input for simplicity, but this function is nestable, and therefore also accepts ivy.Container instances in place of any of the arguments.

Examples

With ivy.Array input:

>>> x = ivy.array([1.0, -1.0, -2.0])
>>> y = ivy.array([2.0, 0.0, 3.0])
>>> z = ivy.atan2(x, y)
>>> print(z)
ivy.array([ 0.464, -1.57 , -0.588])

>>> x = ivy.array([1.0, 2.0])
>>> y = ivy.array([-2.0, 3.0])
>>> z = ivy.zeros(2)
>>> ivy.atan2(x, y, out=z)
>>> print(z)
ivy.array([2.68 , 0.588])

>>> nan = float("nan")
>>> x = ivy.array([nan, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, -1.0])
>>> y = ivy.array([1.0, +0, -0, +0, -0])
>>> z = ivy.atan2(x, y)
>>> print(z)
ivy.array([  nan,  1.57,  1.57, -1.57, -1.57])

>>> x = ivy.array([+0, +0, +0, +0, -0, -0, -0, -0])
>>> y = ivy.array([1.0, +0, -0, -1.0, 1.0, +0, -0, -1.0])
>>> z = ivy.atan2(x, y)
>>> print(z)
ivy.array([0.  , 0.  , 0.  , 3.14, 0.  , 0.  , 0.  , 3.14])

>>> inf = float("infinity")
>>> x = ivy.array([inf, -inf, inf, inf, -inf, -inf])
>>> y = ivy.array([1.0, 1.0, inf, -inf, inf, -inf])
>>> z = ivy.atan2(x, y)
>>> print(z)
ivy.array([ 1.57 , -1.57 ,  0.785,  2.36 , -0.785, -2.36 ])

>>> x = ivy.array([2.5, -1.75, 3.2, 0, -1.0])
>>> y = ivy.array([-3.5, 2, 0, 0, 5])
>>> z = ivy.atan2(x, y)
>>> print(z)
ivy.array([ 2.52 , -0.719,  1.57 ,  0.   , -0.197])

>>> x = ivy.array([[1.1, 2.2, 3.3], [-4.4, -5.5, -6.6]])
>>> y = ivy.atan2(x, x)
>>> print(y)
ivy.array([[ 0.785,  0.785,  0.785],
    [-2.36 , -2.36 , -2.36 ]])

With ivy.Container input:

>>> x = ivy.Container(a=ivy.array([0., 2.6, -3.5]),
...                   b=ivy.array([4.5, -5.3, -0]))
>>> y = ivy.array([3.0, 2.0, 1.0])
>>> z = ivy.atan2(x, y)
{
    a: ivy.array([0., 0.915, -1.29]),
    b: ivy.array([0.983, -1.21, 0.])
}

>>> x = ivy.Container(a=ivy.array([0., 2.6, -3.5]),
...                   b=ivy.array([4.5, -5.3, -0, -2.3]))
>>> y = ivy.Container(a=ivy.array([-2.5, 1.75, 3.5]),
...                   b=ivy.array([2.45, 6.35, 0, 1.5]))
>>> z = ivy.atan2(x, y)
>>> print(z)
{
    a: ivy.array([3.14, 0.978, -0.785]),
    b: ivy.array([1.07, -0.696, 0., -0.993])
}
Array.atan2(self, x2, /, *, out=None)[source]#

ivy.Array instance method variant of ivy.atan2. This method simply wraps the function, and so the docstring for ivy.atan2 also applies to this method with minimal changes.

Parameters:

  • self (Array) – first input array corresponding to the y-coordinates. Should have a real-valued floating-point data type.

  • x2 (Union[Array, NativeArray]) – second input array corresponding to the x-coordinates. Must be compatible with ``self``(see broadcasting). Should have a real-valued floating-point data type.

  • out (Optional[Array], default: None) – optional output array, for writing the result to. It must have a shape that the inputs broadcast to.

Return type:

Array

Returns:

ret – an array containing the inverse tangent of the quotient self/x2. The returned array must have a real-valued floating-point data type determined by type-promotion.

Examples

>>> x = ivy.array([1.0, 0.5, 0.0, -0.5, 0.0])
>>> y = ivy.array([1.0, 2.0, -1.5, 0, 1.0])
>>> z = x.atan2(y)
>>> print(z)
ivy.array([ 0.785,  0.245,  3.14 , -1.57 ,  0.   ])

>>> x = ivy.array([1.0, 2.0])
>>> y = ivy.array([-2.0, 3.0])
>>> z = ivy.zeros(2)
>>> x.atan2(y, out=z)
>>> print(z)
ivy.array([2.68 , 0.588])

>>> nan = float("nan")
>>> x = ivy.array([nan, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, -1.0])
>>> y = ivy.array([1.0, +0, -0, +0, -0])
>>> x.atan2(y)
ivy.array([  nan,  1.57,  1.57, -1.57, -1.57])

>>> x = ivy.array([+0, +0, +0, +0, -0, -0, -0, -0])
>>> y = ivy.array([1.0, +0, -0, -1.0, 1.0, +0, -0, -1.0])
>>> x.atan2(y)
ivy.array([0.  , 0.  , 0.  , 3.14, 0.  , 0.  , 0.  , 3.14])
>>> y.atan2(x)
ivy.array([ 1.57,  0.  ,  0.  , -1.57,  1.57,  0.  ,  0.  , -1.57])

>>> inf = float("infinity")
>>> x = ivy.array([inf, -inf, inf, inf, -inf, -inf])
>>> y = ivy.array([1.0, 1.0, inf, -inf, inf, -inf])
>>> z = x.atan2(y)
>>> print(z)
ivy.array([ 1.57 , -1.57 ,  0.785,  2.36 , -0.785, -2.36 ])

>>> x = ivy.array([2.5, -1.75, 3.2, 0, -1.0])
>>> y = ivy.array([-3.5, 2, 0, 0, 5])
>>> z = x.atan2(y)
>>> print(z)
ivy.array([ 2.52 , -0.719,  1.57 ,  0.   , -0.197])

>>> x = ivy.array([[1.1, 2.2, 3.3], [-4.4, -5.5, -6.6]])
>>> y = x.atan2(x)
>>> print(y)
ivy.array([[ 0.785,  0.785,  0.785],
    [-2.36 , -2.36 , -2.36 ]])
Container.atan2(self, x2, /, *, key_chains=None, to_apply=True, prune_unapplied=False, map_sequences=False, out=None)[source]#

ivy.Container instance method variant of ivy.atan2. This method simply wraps the function, and so the docstring for ivy.atan2 also applies to this method with minimal changes.

Parameters:

  • self (Container) – first input array or container corresponding to the y-coordinates. Should have a real-valued floating-point data type.

  • x2 (Union[Container, Array, NativeArray]) – second input array or container corresponding to the x-coordinates. Must be compatible with self (see broadcasting). Should have a real-valued floating-point data type.

  • key_chains (Optional[Union[List[str], Dict[str, str], Container]], default: None) – The key-chains to apply or not apply the method to. Default is None.

  • to_apply (Union[bool, Container], default: True) – If True, the method will be applied to key_chains, otherwise key_chains will be skipped. Default is True.

  • prune_unapplied (Union[bool, Container], default: False) – Whether to prune key_chains for which the function was not applied. Default is False.

  • map_sequences (Union[bool, Container], default: False) – Whether to also map method to sequences (lists, tuples). Default is False.

  • out (Optional[Container], default: None) – optional output container, for writing the result to. It must have a shape that the inputs broadcast to.

Return type:

Container

Returns:

ret – a container containing the inverse tangent of the quotient self/x2. The returned array must have a real-valued floating-point data type determined by type-promotion.

Examples

>>> x = ivy.Container(a=ivy.array([0., 2.6, -3.5]),
...                   b=ivy.array([4.5, -5.3, -0]))
>>> y = ivy.array([3.0, 2.0, 1.0])
>>> x.atan2(y)
{
    a: ivy.array([0., 0.915, -1.29]),
    b: ivy.array([0.983, -1.21, 0.])
}

>>> x = ivy.Container(a=ivy.array([0., 2.6, -3.5]),
...                   b=ivy.array([4.5, -5.3, -0, -2.3]))
>>> y = ivy.Container(a=ivy.array([-2.5, 1.75, 3.5]),
...                   b=ivy.array([2.45, 6.35, 0, 1.5]))
>>> z = x.atan2(y)
>>> print(z)
{
    a: ivy.array([3.14, 0.978, -0.785]),
    b: ivy.array([1.07, -0.696, 0., -0.993])
}
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